THE CHEWING GUM

Introduction
Chewing gum is a sweetened product composed primarily of latex, which can be natural or synthetic. On the one hand, organic latex is arubbery polymer obtained from the sap of the Manilkarazapota, a type of tree. On the other hand, synthetic latex is a component produced by neutral plastic or polyvinyl acetate base.

Process
The natural or artificial base is grounded into coarse meal and mixed to obtain a uniform consistency. The blend is then settled into a warm room to dry for two days.

Cooking and purifying the base
After two days, the base is cooked in kettles at 116 degrees Celsius, to form thick syrup. To purify it, the product is passed through screens and placed in a high speed centrifuge until it is refined through finer screens.

Blending additional ingredients
When the previous step is completed, the base gum is taken to the kettles to get cooked with other ingredients that are stirred in by large steel blades. These components are extremely fine powdered sugar, corn syrup, flavoring and softeners.  After the composition gets smooth enough, it is rolled through bands and cooled with fresh air.

Kneading and rolling the gum
In the next step, the mass is kneaded for several hours by the machines that gently pummel the gum. When this process is finished, the mass is dusted with powdered sugar, scored into a pattern of rectangles, seasoned and broken into sticks. Now, finally, the gum is ready to be packaged and shipped to retail outlets.

The remote-controlled Car

 Introduction

            This report is intended to give a brief summary of the history of the remote-controlled car, including some milestones in its evolution. All the information was collected from the internet.


Car modeling and its categories

Car modeling is the design and management of model cars with four wheels that move bythemselves and arecontrolled by a human being from a distance by radiowaves. Actually, there are two categories, the ones made as toys for children, and the ones designed to run at more than 130 km/h, used for competitions. Both types of designs are quite similar, but racing cars are built to a scale of 1/8 and their weight is over 2.5 kg. Moreover, their propulsion can be by liquid fuel or electricity.
          

History of the design

The design of remote-controlled cars began sometime after the Second World War. It used digital proportional radio control systems and methanol engines, developed in aeromodelling, but specialized by adding a good response to all engine speeds, improved cooling and noise control. In 1980 the first remote-controlled on-road car appeared. Two years later, it was replaced by the electric model that has nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries, and speed control. In 1985 technology brought new gasoline engines and, in 2000, the Ni-Cd batteries of electric cars become replaced by the nickel-metal hydride battery (NiMH).

Advances in motors, wheels and accessories have been constant. Nowadays, the fastest remote-controlled car on the planet is called Schumacher Mi3. It can reach a top speed of 161.76 mph and it was designed by Nic Case.


Conclusion
          
 In conclusion, the design of remote-controlled cars has grown a lot through the years. Today’s model cars are much faster than the first ones.